【48812】无刷直流电机原理结构

发布时间：2024-04-28 13:36:25 | 作者: 半岛在线登录官网

  爱问同享材料无刷直流电机原理结构文档免费下载，数万用户每天上传许多最新材料，数量累计超一个亿 ，ii目录第1章无刷直流电机的原理与驱动···············································································111让你的BLDC-DK615敏捷跑起来················································································1111有感驱动速度闭环形式试验···················································...

  ii目录第1章无刷直流电机的原理与驱动···············································································111让你的BLDC-DK615敏捷跑起来················································································1111有感驱动速度闭环形式试验·················································································1112有感驱动开环形式试验·························································································2113无感驱动速度闭环形式试验·················································································2114无感驱动开环形式试验·························································································312无刷直流电机的作业原理·····························································································4121无刷直流电机的特色·····························································································4122无刷直流电机的作业原理·····················································································513无刷直流电机的驱动办法·····························································································6131驱动电路模型·········································································································7132有方位传感器驱动原理···································

  ······················································7133无方位传感器驱动办法·······················································································1214BLDC-DK615原理·····································································································18141BLDC-DK615硬件架构·····················································································18142BLDC-DK615软件架构·····················································································27附录A······························································································································47A1电路原理图··················································································································47A2BOM表························································································································53参考文献··························································································································551第1章无刷直流电机的原理与驱动无刷直流电机是在有刷直流电机的基础上发展起来的它用方位传感器替代了有刷直流电机的电刷和换向器因而其内部发生的电磁进程和一般的有刷直流电机类似无刷直流电机既具有直流电机杰出的调速功能等特色又具有沟通电机结构简略无换向火花作业牢靠和易于保护等长处11让你的BLDC-DK615敏捷跑起来BLDC-DK615是一款无刷电机驱动学习板支撑无刷电机有方位传感器

  驱动计划下文简称有感驱动无方位传感器驱动计划下文简称无感驱动并配有速度PID闭环操控实时操控电机的转速BLDC-DK615要配套EasyARM615EasyARM8962或EasyARM5749系列Cortex-M3开发板运用在BLDC-DK615的配套光盘中的EasyARM615目录中配套有无刷电机的驱动包比如工程该工程能驱动有感无刷电机或无感无刷电机并有速度PID闭环操控图11BLDC-DK615驱动板接线有感驱动速度闭环形式试验1．试验原理有感驱动速度闭环形式电机需求用有方位传感器电机试验运用方位传感器的信号反应方位依据方位信息对电机进行换向使电机滚动接连平稳并一起运用电机的方位传感器核算电机当时的转速反应到单片机作为速度反应值输入到PID速度调理环使电机转速安稳在要求的方针转速值2．试验进程1用跳线与PC5断开其他跳线的J1接口直接插到EasyARM615的J7电机专用插座上4把原配的电机直接插到对应的BLDC-DK615插座上5承认接线无误后接上开发板和BLDC-DK615的电源留意两个电源不要接反26把光盘目录下的单片机程序目录拷到硬盘目录下用IARV530以上版别翻开工程衔接LM-Link翻开configh文件把下面的代码作如下修正并保存defineBLDC_SPEED_LOOP1界说电机操控速度闭环开关0为开环1为闭环defineBLDC_HALL_EN1界说电机类型有感电机设为1无感电机设为07编译工程并把程序下载到EasyARM615上按单片机复位键全速作业程序电机即以默许的2000RPM转速恒速滚动8按KEY1键电机加快LED2每翻转一次电机速度添加50RPM9按KEY2键电机减速LED2每翻转一次电机速度下降50RPM电机的转速规模默许限定在800RMP至8000RMP抵达上下限后LED2不再闪耀112有感驱动开环形式试验1．试验原理有感驱动开环形式电机需求用有方位传感器电机试验运用方位传感器的信号反应方位依据方位信息对电机进行换向使电机滚动接连平稳并经过改动驱动电机的PWM占空比而改动加在电机两头的电压来改动电机的转速2．试验进程参照图11所示按下面进程接线用跳线与PC5断开其他跳线的J1接口直接插到EasyARM615的J7电机专用插座上4把原配的电机直接插到对应的BLDC-DK615插座上5承认接线无误后接上开发板和BLDC-DK615的电源留意两个

  电源不要接反6把光盘目录下的单片机程序目录拷到硬盘目录下用IARV530以上版别翻开工程衔接LM-Link翻开configh文件把下面的代码作如下修正并保存defineBLDC_SPEED_LOOP0界说电机操控速度闭环开关0为开环1为闭环defineBLDC_HALL_EN1界说电机类型有感电机设为1无感电机设为07编译工程并把程序下载到EasyARM615上按单片机复位键全速作业程序电机即以默许的10占空比作业8按KEY1键电机加快LED2每翻转一次驱动电机的PWM占空比添加19按KEY2键电机减速LED2每翻转一次驱动电机的PWM占空比减小1驱动电机的PWM占空比规模默许限定在10至98抵达上下限后LED2不再闪耀113无感驱动速度闭环形式试验1．试验原理无感驱动速度闭环形式只需一个无传感器的无刷直流电机运用采样电机的反电势并检测反电势的过零点来判别电机转子的方位依据电机转子的方位来完成换向是电机能平稳接连滚动一起经过核算过零点之间的时间差来换算出电机的转速作为速度反应值输入到PID速度调理环使电机转速安稳在要求的方针转速值在做无感试验时因为EasyARM615标配3的CPUpack板用的是LM3S615而无感驱动需求用3路ADC所以有必要把CPUpack板上的LM3S615换成LM3S6182．试验进程1把LM3S615pack板上的LM3S615当心取下替换成LM3S6182用跳线与PC5断开其他跳线的J1接口直接插到EasyARM615的J7电机专用插座上5把原配的电机直接插到对应的BLDC-DK615插座上6承认接线无误后接上开发板和BLDC-DK615的电源留意两个电源不要接反7把光盘目录下的单片机程序目录拷到硬盘目录下用IARV530以上版别翻开工程衔接LM-Link翻开configh文件把下面的代码作如下修正并保存defineBLDC_SPEED_LOOP1界说电机操控速度闭环开关0为开环1为闭环defineBLDC_HALL_EN0界说电机类型有感电机设为1无感电机设为08编译工程并把程序下载到EasyARM615上按单片机复位键全速作业程序电机即以默许的2000RPM转速恒速滚动9按KEY1键电机加快LED2每翻转一次电机速度添加50RPM10按KEY2键电机减速LED2每翻转一次电机速度下降50RPM电机的转速规模默许限定在800RMP至8000RMP抵达上下限后LED2不再闪耀114无感驱动开环形式试验1．试验原理无感驱动速度闭环形式只需一个无传感器的无刷直流电机运用采样电机的反电势并检测反电势的过零点

  来判别电机转子的方位依据电机转子的方位来完成换向是电机能平稳接连滚动并经过改动驱动电机的PWM占空比来改动加在电机两头的电压来改动电机的转速2．试验进程1把LM3S615pack板上的LM3S615当心取下替换成LM3S6182用跳线与PC5断开其他跳线的J1接口直接插到EasyARM615的J7电机专用插座上5把原配的电机直接插到对应的BLDC-DK615插座上6承认接线无误后接上开发板和BLDC-DK615的电源留意两个电源不要接反7把光盘目录下的单片机程序目录拷到硬盘目录下用IARV530以上版别翻开工程衔接LM-Link翻开configh文件把下面的代码作如下修正并保存defineBLDC_SPEED_LOOP0界说电机操控速度闭环开关0为开环1为闭环defineBLDC_HALL_EN0界说电机类型有感电机设为1无感电机设为048编译工程并把程序下载到EasyARM615上按单片机复位键全速作业程序电机即以默许的10占空比作业9按KEY1键电机加快LED2每翻转一次驱动电机的PWM占空比添加110按KEY2键电机减速LED2每翻转一次驱动电机的PWM占空比减小1驱动电机的PWM占空比规模默许限定在10至98抵达上下限后LED2不再闪耀12无刷直流电机的作业原理121无刷直流电机的特色直流电机主要有直流有刷电机和无刷直流电机两种1．有刷直流电机直流电机以杰出的发动功能调速功能等长处著称其间归于直流电机一类的有刷直流电机选用机械换向器使得驱动办法简略其模型示意图如图12所示电机主要由永磁材料制作的定子绕有线圈绕组的转子电枢换向器和电刷等构成只要在电刷的A和B两头通入必定的直流电流电机的换向器就会主动改动电机转子的磁场方向这样直流电机的转子就会继续作业下去图12直流电机模型示意图由些可见换向器和电刷在直流电机中扮演着重要的人物尽管它能够简化电机操控器的结构可是它本身却存在必定的缺点z结构相对杂乱添加了制作本钱z简略被环境如尘埃等影响下降了作业的牢靠性z换向时会发生火花约束了运用约束规模z简略损坏添加了保护本钱等2．无刷直流电机无刷直流电机BrushlessDirectCurrentMotorBLDCM的诞生克服了有刷直流电机的先天性缺点以电子换向器替代了机械换向器所以无刷直流电机既具有直流电机杰出的调速功能等特色又具有沟通电机结构简略无换向火花作业牢靠和易于保护等长处图13所示无刷直流电机模型它是从图12转化过来的模型它主要由用永磁材料制作的转子带有线圈绕组的定子和方位传感器可有可无组成可见它和直流电机有着许多共同点定子和转子的

  结构差不多本来的定子变为转子转子变为定子绕组的连线也根本相同可是结构上它们有一个显着的区别无刷直流电机没有直流电机中的换向器和电刷5取而代之的是方位传感器这样电机结构就相对简略下降了电机的制作和保护本钱但无刷直流电机不能主动换向相献身的价值是电机操控器本钱的进步如同样是三相直流电机有刷直流电机的驱动桥需求4只功率管而无刷直流电机的驱动桥则需求6只功率管图13所示为其间一种小功率三相星形衔接单副磁对极的无刷直流电机它的定子在内转子在外结构和图12所示的直流电机很类似另一种无刷直流电机的结构和这种刚刚相反它的定子在外转子在内即定子是线圈绕组组成的机座而转子用永磁材料制作图13无刷直流电机模型无刷直流电机有以下的特色z无刷直流电机的外特性好能够在低速下输出大转矩使得它能够给咱们供给大的起动转矩z无刷直流电机的速度规模宽任何速度下都能够全功率作业z无刷直流电机的效率高过载能力强使得它在拖动体系中有超卓的体现z无刷直流电机的再生制动作用好因为它的转子是永磁材料制动时电机能进入发电机状况z无刷直流电机的体积小功率密度高z无刷直流电机无机械换向器选用全封闭式结构能够有用的防备尘土进入电机内部牢靠性高z无刷直流电机比异步电机的驱动操控简略122无刷直流电机的作业原理无刷直流电机的定子是线圈绕组电枢转子是永磁体假如只给电机通以固定的直流电流则电机只能发生不变的磁场电机不能滚动起来只要实时检测电机转子的方位再依据转子的方位给电机的不同相通以对应的电流使定子发生方向均匀改变的旋转磁场电机才能够跟着磁场滚动起来如图14所示为无刷直流电机的滚动原理示意图为了便利描绘电机定子的线圈中心抽头接电机电源POWER各相的端点接功率管方位传感器导通时使功率管的G极接12V功率管导通对应的相线圈被通电因为三个方位传感器跟着转子的滚动会顺次导通使得对应的相线圈也顺次通电然后定子发生的磁场方向也不断地改变电机转子也跟着滚动起来这便是无刷直流电机的根本滚动原理检测转子的方位顺次给各相通电使定子发生的磁场的方向接连均匀地改变6NS定子转子W相U相V相POWER12V图14无刷直流电机滚动原理在下文介绍无刷直流电机的有方位传感器驱动的一节将会促进介绍无刷直流电机的滚动原理为了便利了解本文档以下内容统一用如图15所示的这两种符号作为模型简介图A为电机转子和定子在同一圆心上图B为不同一圆心上是为了便利阐明电机内部磁场具体请看下文图15无刷直流电机结构示意图13无刷直流电机的驱动办法无刷直机电机的驱动办法按不同类别可分多种驱动办法它们各有特色按驱动波形z方波驱动这种驱动办法完成便利易于完成电机无方位传感器操控z正弦驱动这种驱动办法能改进电机作业作用使输出力矩均匀但完成进程相对杂乱一起这种办法又有SPWM和SVPWM空间矢量PWM两种办法SVPWM的作用好于SPWM按有无方位传感器

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